![]() The infant’s abrupt introduction to life outside the uterus and exposure to antigens forces the GI tract to adapt quickly and commence its crucial duties. 2 At no time in life is this function more important than shortly after birth. This amazing organ has evolved an elaborate defense system to protect the human body from continuous threats of numerous disease-causing agents and commensal bacteria present at an impressive number (1 × 10 14 CFU). Although it was long believed to exist solely for food digestion and nutrient absorption, it is now known that the responsibilities of the intestinal system are diverse and critical to host defense. 1 Of the 3 systems, the lining of the GI tract provides the largest interface with the external environment (200–300 m 2). ![]() ![]() Evidence suggests that these systems do not work independently, but form what is referred to as the mucosal immunologic system, an integrated network of tissue, cells, and signaling molecules. The epithelial layers and mucus secretions of the pulmonary, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal (GI) systems all provide a complex mechanical barrier and an inherent defense against pathogens that constantly threaten the human body. ![]()
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